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【論文の要約】

 

腰痛予防に関する体系的レビューの結果、柔軟体操、ウイリアム体操、マッケンジー法などの運動療法には筋力・持久力・柔軟性向上以上の利点があり、動作や活動に対する自信、損傷に対する恐怖心、疼痛の捉え方を変化させる可能性あり。

 

 

 

Spine J. 2009 Feb;9(2):147-68. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2008.11.001.

 

High-quality controlled trials on preventing episodes of back problems: systematic literature review in working-age adults.

Bigos SJ1, Holland J, Holland C, Webster JS, Battie M, Malmgren JA.

 

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND CONTEXT:

Back problems (BPs), with their cost and disability, are a substantial burden for individuals, employers, and society.

 

PURPOSE:

This systematic review of controlled trials evaluates the effectiveness of interventions to prevent BP episodes in working age adults.

 

DATA SOURCES:

We searched MEDLINE/EMBASE through May 2007, and COCHRANE/Trials Registry through August 22, 2008 using search terms of back pain, back injuries or sciatica, linked to prevention, control, workplace interventions, or ergonomics and searched article bibliographies.

 

STUDY SELECTION:

For systematic review inclusion, articles had to describe prospective controlled trials of interventions to prevent BPs in working-age adults, with intervention assignment either to individual participants or preexisting groups. Of 185 articles identified as potentially relevant, 20 trials (11%) met inclusion criteria.

 

DATA EXTRACTION:

Researchers extracted relevant information from controlled trials and graded methodological quality. Because of heterogeneity of trials, meta-analysis was not performed.

 

RESULTS:

Only exercise was found effective for preventing self-reported BPs in seven of eight trials (effect size 0.39 to >0.69). Other interventions were not found to reduce either incidence or severity of BP episodes compared with controls. Negative trials included five trials of education, four of lumbar supports, two of shoe inserts, and four of reduced lifting programs.

 

CONCLUSIONS:

Twenty high-quality controlled trials found strong, consistent evidence to guide prevention of BP episodes in working-age adults. Trials found exercise interventions effective and other interventions not effective, including stress management, shoe inserts, back supports, ergonomic/back education, and reduced lifting programs. The varied successful exercise approaches suggest possible benefits beyond their intended physiologic goals.

 

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Systematic review Level I evidence.

 

Comment in

Review: back exercise interventions prevent self-reported episodes of back problems in adults but ergonomic education does not. [Evid Based Med. 2009]